情態動詞用法解析教案

時間：2023-04-01 09:06:14 教案

情態動詞用法解析教案

　　情態動詞表示說話人對動作或狀態的各種觀點和態度，如需要、猜測、意愿或懷疑等。情態動詞用法解析教案應該怎么做?怎么做比較好?下面是小編整理的情態動詞用法解析教案，僅供參考。

情態動詞用法解析教案

　　情態動詞用法解析教案【1】

　　一、情態動詞的特征和形式

　　a. 情態動詞的各種形式見下表：

　　情態動詞

　　may

　　might

　　can

　　could

　　must

　　have to

　　ought to

　　will

　　would

　　shall

　　should

　　need

　　dare

　　used to

　　否定式

　　may not

　　might not

　　cannotcan not

　　could not

　　must not

　　do not have to

　　ought not to

　　will not

　　would not

　　shall not

　　should not

　　need not

　　dare not

　　used not to

　　did not use to

　　簡略否定式

　　mayn't(老式英語，現在不常見)

　　mightn't

　　can't

　　couldn't

　　mustn't

　　don't have to

　　oughtn't to (否定句中to可省略)

　　won't

　　wouldn't

　　shan't (只用于英國英語)

　　shouldn't

　　needn't

　　daren't

　　usedn't to

　　didn't use to

　　b.情態動詞除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不帶to的不定式。

　　1.情態動詞+do

　　you shouldn't be so careless. 你不該這樣粗心大意。

　　jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.

　　杰西卡昨天告訴他，她可能不去旅行了。

　　difficulties can and must be overcome.

　　困難能夠而且必須克服。

　　2.情態動詞+be doing

　　she must be listening to pop music.

　　她肯定在聽流行音樂。

　　you should be reviewing your lessons.

　　你應該在復習功課。

　　my mother maymight be cooking now.

　　我媽媽可能正在做飯。

　　3.情態動詞+have done

　　they might have visited the great wall.

　　他們可能參觀過長城了。

　　he must have got up very early to catch the train.

　　他一定起得很早去趕火車了。

　　you ought to have come earlier.

　　你本該早一點兒來。

　　4.情態動詞+be done

　　this word can also be used as a verb.

　　這個詞也可以用作動詞。

　　something must be done to stop pollution.

　　必須采取措施來制止污染。

　　the work ought to have been finished long ago.

　　這工作早就該完成了。

　　c. 情態動詞第三人稱單數一般現在時沒有詞形變化。

　　you ought to wear a raincoat.

　　你應該穿件雨衣。

　　she ought to wear a raincoat.

　　她應該穿件雨衣。

　　plants must have oxygen in order to live.

　　為了存活植物必須有氧氣。

　　a plant must have oxygen in order to live.

　　為了存活植物必須有氧氣。

　　d. 情態動詞的時態并不是區分時間的主要標志。在一些場合中，情態動詞的現在式和過去式都可以表示現在時間、過去時間或將來時間。

　　i'm afraid it might rain tonight.

　　我看今晚可能要下雨。

　　could i borrow your thermos

　　我可以借用你的暖水瓶嗎?

　　it's a nice day today. we could go for a walk.

　　今天天氣不錯，我們可以出去散散步。

　　e. 情態動詞是互相排斥的，一般不允許兩個意義相近的情態動詞連用。

　　【誤】soldiers must have to obey orders.

　　【正】soldiers have to obey orders.

　　軍人必須服從命令。

　　【正】soldiers must obey orders.

　　軍人必須服從命令。

　　【誤】can i be able to borrow two books at a time

　　【正】can i borrow two books at a time

　　我能一次借兩本書嗎?

　　【正】will i be able to borrow two books at a time

　　我能一次借兩本書嗎?

　　高考英語情態動詞全解析【2】

　　一、何謂“情態動詞”?

　　情態動詞主要用來表示說話人的情感、態度等，是中學英語語法的重點，也是高考的熱點，是單項填空必考的一個知識點。情態動詞在近五年高考中主要考查四點：情態動詞表示推測和可能性的用法;情態動詞與虛擬語氣;情態動詞的表達“情感、態度、語氣等”，情態動詞表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。

　　二、情態動詞的特點

　　1.沒有人稱和數的變化。

　　2. 有些情態動詞有過去式的變化:

　　e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared

　　三、情態動詞的否定形式

　　情態動詞+ not +動詞原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't

　　四、情態動詞的用法及相互間的區別(注意：這是常考的考點)

　　1. can , be able to be able to 表示經過努力后, 能夠做到; be able to 有多種形式的變化。

　　can

　　1). 表示體力或腦力方面的能力;

　　2). 表示允許、可能性。

　　could 是can的過去式, 表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑問句表示委婉地提出問題。

　　1) the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.

　　a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to

　　2) -will you stay for lunch?

　　-sorry, __. my brother is coming to see me.

　　a. i mustn't b. i can't c. i needn't d. i won't

　　2.may 表示詢問或說明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能發生。might是may的過去式; 用在疑問中比may委婉、客氣。

　　1) -may i take this book out of the reading-room?

　　-no, you mustn't. ( yes, you may.)

　　2) -might i make a suggestion? -yes, you may.

　　3. must

　　1). 表示必須要做的事: 必須

　　2) 表示很有把握的推斷: 一定, 準是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必須, 不得不。過去式: had to

　　3) -must i get to the station before three o'clock?

　　-yes, you must. ( no, you needn't. )

　　4) i'm afraid you will have to wait a while.

　　5) she must be in the classroom now.

　　6) mary ____ be in paris, i saw her in town only a few minutes ago.

　　a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. can't d. may not

　　4. shall

　　1) 在疑問句中, 用于第一、三人稱表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請求。

　　2) 用于二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾等概念。

　　1) - shall i place an order with you now? -no, you needn’t.

　　-shall he turn down the radio a bit? -

　　yes, please.(no, please don't.)

　　2) you shall have the english book as soon as i finish it.

　　3) everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.

　　4) your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?

　　a. does he b. doesn't he c. will he d. isn't he

　　5) it's a fine day. let's go fishing, ____?

　　a. won't we b. will we

　　c. don't we d. shall we

　　5. should 應該 ; 應當

　　1) you should listen to the doctor's advice.

　　2) you should study the article carefully.

　　6. will, would

　　1) 在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問。用would語氣更加婉轉。

　　2) will 表示現在的習慣性動作或狀態; would 表示過去的習慣性動作或狀態。

　　3) will 用于各種人稱, 表示意志、意愿、決心、允諾; would 表示過去時間的意志、意愿、......。

　　(1) don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?

　　a. do youb. will you c. can you d. could you

　　-will you come with me? -yes, i will.(i am sorry , i can't.)

　　(2) -would you tell us something about yourself? -yes, i will.

　　(3) - it's my birthday tomorrow. don't forget to come to my party.

　　- _____ .

　　a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't

　　7. ought to 應該; 應當

　　1) you oughtn't to smoke too much.

　　2) she ____ for what she has done.

　　a. ought to praise b. ought be praised

　　c. ought to have praised d. ought to be praised

　　8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come

　　1) he dare not tell the truth.

　　2) he doesn't dare to come out at night.

　　3) i don't know whether he ____ try.

　　a. dare b. needs c. wants d. is allowed

　　9. need

　　1). 作為情態動詞:必須

　　2). 作為實義動詞: 需要

　　a.主語是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)

　　b. 主語是事物 need ( doing; to be done)

　　1) -do they need to take any books with them?

　　-no, they don't need to.

　　2) -need we buy any new equipment? -no, we needn't.

　　3) this farm tool needs repairing.

　　this farm tool needs to be repaired.

　　4) -shall i tell john about it ?

　　- no, you ___ . i've told him already.

　　a. needn't b. wouldn't

　　c. mustn't d. shouldn't

　　5) it's a fine day. you ____ take a raincoat with you.

　　a. can't b. mustn't

　　c. needn't d. may not

　　[★★★]五、情態動詞的解題例析

　　(1) 認真審題，結合所給出的語境，正確把握說話者的語氣、情感、態度、觀點等。

　　(2) 認真思考所給選項中情態動詞的基本特征和用法，并結合語境推敲答案。

　　(3) 要注意把握時間概念。

　　情態動詞無論是表達“推測和可能性”，還是表達“虛擬”這一概念，只要是對過去已經發生的事情進行描述，一律用“情態動詞+have done”這一結構;對現在或將來的事情進行描述，用“情態動詞+動詞或系動詞原形”。例如：

　　(nmetXX山東，24)thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ______ it without you.

　　a. can manage b. could have managed

　　c. could manage d. can have managed

　　根據題干中所給出的時間last week可知我們已經做完了工作，已經完成，故排除a、c兩項，再結合could have done表示虛擬語氣以及與前面的i don’t think…，故說話者想表達的意思是：離開了你，我們本不可能完成這項工作。故答案為b項。

　　★下面我們來看看常考的一些情態動詞★

　　以下試題均來源于往年的高考試題，具有很強的針對性

　　(1) must表示推測，意為“一定……”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意為：一定做過某事或某事肯定發生了。例如：

　　—she looks very happy. she ______ have passed the exam.

　　—i guess so. it’s not difficult after all.

　　a. should b. could c. must d. might

　　【解析】句意為：她看上去很高興，一定是通過了考試。

　　【答案】c

　　(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根據常規或常識推測，表示“某事應該或不應該發生”，語氣比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。

　　例如：—how’s your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?

　　—it ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.

　　a. will b. would c. should d. must

　　【解析】should此處表示推測，意為“應該”。

　　【答案】c

　　②there _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

　　a. mustn’t b. shan’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t

　　【解析】句意：既然你在駕校進行了大量訓練，那么通過道路測試按理不應該有困難。

　　【答案】c

　　(3) can, could表達推測時，一般用于疑問句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一種理論上的可能性，并不牽涉是否真的會發生，在這種用法中can只能與動詞原形連用;could用于肯定句中，語氣比may/ might更弱。例如：

　　①you ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

　　a. wouldn’t b. can’t c. mustn’t d. needn’t

　　②she ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.

　　a. can’t b. wouldn’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t

　　③it is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.

　　a. must b. can c. should d. would

　　④peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

　　a. shall b. should c. can d. must

　　【解析】①② 兩個考題中can用于中表示否定的推測，意為：不可能，一定不會; ③④兩個考題中can表示理論上的可能性，翻譯為：有時候會……。

　　【答案】① b ② a ③ b ④ c

　　(4)may (not) / might (not)表達一種不太把握的推測，意為“或許，可能”;might的語氣比may較婉轉。例如：

　　① liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.

　　a. will b. can c. must d. may

　　【解析】may well為固定搭配，意為：很可能，極有可能。

　　【答案】d

　　② although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.

　　a. must b. may c. shall d. should

　　【解析】這聽起來或許是一項簡單的任務，但卻需要極大的細心。

　　【答案】b

　　③—i can’t find my purse anywhere.

　　—you __ have lost it while shopping.

　　a. may b. can c. should d. would

　　【解析】結合語境可知，回答者是在提醒對方：或許購物時把錢包丟了。

　　【答案】a

【情態動詞用法解析教案】相關文章：